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- <text id=93CT1652>
- <link 89TT3371>
- <title>
- Comoros--History
- </title>
- <history>
- Compact ALMANAC--CIA Factbook
- Southern Africa
- Comoros
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>CIA World Factbook</source>
- <hdr>
- History
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p> Over the centuries, the islands were invaded by a succession
- of diverse groups from the coast of Africa, the Persian Gulf,
- Indonesia, and Madagascar. Portuguese explorers visited the
- archipelago in l505. "Shirazi" Arab migrants introduced Islam
- at about the same time. Between 1841 and 1912, France
- established colonial rule oar Grande Comore, Anjouan, Mayotte,
- and Moheli and placed the islands under the administrative
- authority of the governor general of Madagascar. Later, French
- settlers, French-owned companies, and wealthy Arab merchants
- established a plantation-based economy that now uses about
- one-third of the land for export crops.
- </p>
- <p> After World War II, the islands became a French overseas
- territory and were represented in France's National Assembly.
- Internal political autonomy was granted in 1961. Agreement was
- reached with France in 1973 for Comoros to become independent
- in 1978. On July 6, 1975, however, the Comorian Parliament
- passed a resolution declaring unilateral independence. The
- deputies of Mayotte abstained, however, and as a result, the
- Comorian Government has effective control over only Grande
- Comore, Anjouan, and Moheli. Mayotte, with l4% of the
- population, remains under French administration.
- </p>
- <p>Political Conditions
- </p>
- <p> After a unilateral declaration of independence from France
- by the Comorian Parliament in 1975, Ahmed Abdallah was
- designated president. After barely a month in office, he was
- overthrown by foreign mercenaries, who installed Al Soilih.
- Soilih embarked on a haphazard "socialist" revolution, relying
- on undisciplined youth committees that often terrorized society.
- Government archives were burned and civil servants fired. Soilih
- openly challenged the dominance of Islam, alienating much of the
- devoutly Islamic population. A second mercenary attack in 1978
- restored Ahmed Abdallah to power, and Soilih was killed.
- </p>
- <p> A constitution was adopted by popular referendum on October
- 1, 1978, and Abdallah, who ran unopposed, was elected president
- on October 22, 1978. During 1982, a single ruling party was
- establish--the United Progress Party. Its members swept 37 of
- 38 legislative seats in a contested election in March;
- opposition candidates ran as independents. The new Parliament
- amended the constitution so that the collection of taxes,
- previously in the hands of the governors of the three main
- islands, is now the prerogative of the central government.
- Abdallah was reelected unopposed in 1984, and his supporters
- were victorious in legislative elections in March 1987.
- </p>
- <p>Source: U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Public Affairs,
- October 1988.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
-